Wi-Fi 6 in Hazardous Environments: Advancing Industrial Connectivity Safely

As industrial operations increasingly rely on wireless connectivity, the demand for robust, high-performance networking solutions in hazardous environments has never been greater. Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) emerges as a transformative technology, offering enhanced speed, capacity, and efficiency tailored for complex industrial settings. Specialized manufacturers like Analynk Wireless are at the forefront, developing purpose-built Wi-Fi 6 antennas and explosion-proof enclosures explicitly designed for Class I Division 1 Groups C & D hazardous locations, ensuring safety compliance and optimal performance.

The Advantages of Wi-Fi 6 in Hazardous Industrial Environments

Enhanced Performance and Capacity

Wi-Fi 6 introduces significant improvements over its predecessors, delivering up to 40% higher data rates (with a maximum theoretical throughput of 9.6 Gbps compared to 6.9 Gbps with Wi-Fi 5) and dramatically reducing latency by up to 75% in high-density environments. Technologies like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) enable simultaneous data transmissions to multiple devices, significantly enhancing network efficiency. This is especially beneficial in industrial environments where numerous sensors, machines, and control systems operate concurrently, potentially involving thousands of IoT devices spread across expansive areas.

Energy Efficiency

The Target Wake Time (TWT) feature in Wi-Fi 6 schedules communication times for devices, allowing them to enter low-power states when not transmitting data. This significantly conserves energy, potentially extending battery life by up to seven times under optimal, periodic communication scenarios. It also reduces maintenance needs and operational costs in hard-to-access hazardous locations where battery replacement poses safety risks and can interrupt production.

Improved Security

Security is paramount in hazardous environments where network breaches could impact critical safety systems. Wi-Fi 6 supports WPA3, the latest security protocol, offering enhanced protection against unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity through improved encryption and authentication methods. This advanced security is critical for industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, where secure and reliable communication is essential for safety and operational continuity.

Implementation Requirements for Hazardous Areas

Explosion-Proof Enclosures and Certifications

Deploying Wi-Fi 6 in hazardous locations requires specialized hardware that meets stringent safety standards. While some industrial applications may suffice with Class I Division 2 or ATEX Zone 2 ratings, truly hazardous environments with continuously present flammable gases, vapors, or dust require more robust protection. Analynk's hazardous area access point enclosures are specifically engineered for Class I Division 1 Groups C & D environments—offering the highest level of security for areas where ignitable concentrations of gases or vapors can exist under normal operating conditions.

These enclosures feature:

• Explosion-proof construction designed to safely contain internal ignitions, preventing external flame propagation.
• Specialized glands and seals maintain enclosure integrity while allowing cable entry.
• Passive heat dissipation methods are built into the enclosure to keep internal electronics within safe operational temperature limits.
• Third-party certifications such as UL (North America), ATEX (European Union), and IECEx (International) verify compliance with global safety standards.

Antenna Design and Installation Considerations

A critical aspect of implementing Wi-Fi 6 in hazardous areas is the antenna system, which must extend outside the metal enclosure to function effectively while preserving safety integrity. Specialized antennas like Analynk's HazaLynk™ series include:

• Explosion-proof construction rated for hazardous classifications.
• Wide operating temperature ranges (-40°C to +60°C) suitable for extreme industrial environments.
• The impact-resistant design ensures durability in harsh settings.
• Specialized mounting brackets and RF cable assemblies for hazardous locations.
• Frequency options cover 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands (Wi-Fi 6), with potential extension into the 6 GHz band for Wi-Fi 6E applications, depending on specific antenna models.

Proper installation requires careful planning regarding the following:

• Mounting locations optimize signal coverage and maintenance accessibility.
• Explosion-proof conduit systems for cable routing.
• Proper grounding and bonding to mitigate static electricity buildup.
• RF propagation characteristics in metal-rich industrial environments.

Network Interference and Reliability

Industrial settings often experience electromagnetic interference from motors, drives, and other equipment, potentially disrupting wireless signals. Wi-Fi 6 addresses this through features like BSS Coloring, which differentiates overlapping signals, reducing interference and enhancing reliability. Additionally, improved OFDMA modulation provides robust performance in noisy RF environments typical in industrial settings.

For mission-critical applications, implementations should include:

• RF site surveys before installation to identify interference sources.
• Strategic channel planning to avoid conflicts with existing wireless systems.
• Deployment of redundant access points where necessary.
• Ongoing performance monitoring and routine maintenance.

Integration with Legacy Systems

Many industrial facilities utilize legacy systems that may not immediately integrate with Wi-Fi 6. Effective integration strategies include:

• Protocol converters bridging modern Ethernet/IP communications with older industrial protocols.
• Edge gateways collecting legacy equipment data for transmission via Wi-Fi 6.
• Wireless access points supporting older Wi-Fi standards during transition phases.
• Phased implementation strategies minimizing operational disruptions.

Real-World Applications and Benefits

Wi-Fi 6 is already delivering significant benefits across hazardous industries:

• Oil and Gas: Refineries utilize explosion-proof Wi-Fi 6 networks for real-time sensor monitoring, predictive maintenance, and downtime reduction.
• Chemical Processing: Wi-Fi 6 enables mobile workers to access digital tools and remote expertise safely, maintaining intrinsic safety.
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Facilities employ Wi-Fi 6 to support automated guided vehicles and continuous environmental monitoring in sterile, explosion-risk areas.

Integrating Wi-Fi 6 into hazardous industrial environments significantly enhances wireless communications' reliability, efficiency, and security. Successful implementation demands careful attention to explosion-proof enclosures, certified antenna systems, and precise installation practices. With industry leaders like Analynk developing specialized Wi-Fi 6 solutions for hazardous areas, industrial operations can confidently leverage advanced wireless technology without compromising safety. Partnering with manufacturers experienced in wireless technology and unsafe environment standards enables organizations to navigate complex implementation requirements effectively, unlocking the full potential of Wi-Fi 6 in even the most challenging industrial settings.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Expanding Coverage, Containing Risks: How Hazardous-Area WAP Enclosures Advance Industrial Automation

North American oil and gas, chemical manufacturing, and mining facilities have transformed how they deploy wireless access points in hazardous areas. Early efforts relied on conventional WAPs placed inside pressurized systems that kept flammable gases or dust away from hot surfaces or electrical sparks. Some sites also turned to intrinsically safe designs that limited power levels to reduce ignition risks, but those solutions offered narrow coverage and low data rates. Over time, companies adopted explosion-proof housings that encased off-the-shelf Wi-Fi hardware, and engineers refined the materials and form factors of these enclosures to reduce weight and simplify installation.

Newer projects have embraced higher-throughput standards such as 802.11ac and 802.11ax, which include better MIMO antenna configurations to manage multipath interference in areas filled with metallic structures. Many WAPs now function as edge computing nodes that gather sensor data and either analyze it on-site or send it to the cloud or a SCADA system. Manufacturers design explosion-proof housings with standardized mounting patterns and glands to hold additional networking or edge devices alongside the WAP. Wireless mesh and point-to-point systems have also spread connectivity across large and remote industrial zones that once presented insurmountable coverage challenges.

Regulations in North America guide much of this progress. UL evaluates equipment for Class I, Division 1, or Class I, Division 2 in line with the National Electrical Code, and FM Approvals confirm that equipment meets insurers’ requirements. Facilities in Canada follow similar CSA guidelines. Global projects often reference IECEx and ATEX certifications in addition to North American standards, which ensures consistency in safety compliance wherever these WAPs operate.

Engineers also face multiple technical hurdles when introducing wireless devices to hazardous sites. Metal structures reflect, and scatter radio signals, and dust, humidity, and corrosive chemicals complicated installation. Intrinsically safe devices run at lower power to limit spark risk, so they depend on careful antenna placement and designs that maximize signal strength. Modern enclosures include feed-throughs that let installers mount external antennas without jeopardizing explosion-proof integrity. Composite materials and corrosion-resistant finishes lighten the solution and extend the enclosure’s service life. Some designs incorporate heatsinks or active cooling components so the electronics remain within safe operating temperatures.

Numerous real-world deployments illustrate these benefits. A petrochemical refinery in Texas upgraded to Wi-Fi 5 WAPs in specialized enclosures and saw significant improvements in data throughput for handheld devices used during maintenance. A chemical processing facility in Louisiana installed UL-certified housings from Analynk, LLC, which smoothed the transition to wireless monitoring of sensitive blending and batching operations. An underground mining complex in Nevada placed ruggedized WAPs in explosion-proof housings that tolerated dust, moisture, and intense vibrations. An offshore drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico created a stable wireless link for real-time condition monitoring using Class I, Division 1 enclosures to protect network infrastructure from flammable gases and salt spray.

WAP enclosures from providers like Analynk, LLC play a central role in these deployments. They meet strict Class I, Division 1, or Zone 1 criteria and simplify installation by including well-tested cable entries and feed-throughs. Many versions adapt to various OEM WAPs, which lets organizations standardize on a preferred enclosure design while selecting different access point models. These housings protect electronics from corrosive compounds, moisture, and dust, promoting longer device lifespans and reduced downtime. By offering dependable containment and preserving signal performance, they speed the adoption of IIoT solutions in hazardous environments.

Companies that install explosion-proof or intrinsically safe WAPs also explore future-ready technologies like Wi-Fi 6E, private LTE, and 5G. Higher frequency bands promise greater throughput but demand more sophisticated antenna and power management strategies. Some deployments use battery or energy-harvesting options in remote locations where installing conventional power lines proves difficult. By creating scalable and secure wireless networks in these high-risk areas, industrial operators gain real-time data for predictive maintenance, increased safety, and more efficient operations. These advancements will continue accelerating as digital transformation efforts intersect with growing regulatory demands and the need for robust connectivity.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Industrial Safety Meets Advanced Performance: Analynk Soon to Launch Wi-Fi 6 Antennas for Hazardous Areas

Wi-Fi 6, also labeled 802.11ax, represents a significant step forward in wireless networking for industrial operations, especially those with challenging requirements and hazardous areas. Many industrial sites, such as chemical plants, refineries, and grain handling facilities, face strict safety standards because of flammable gases, combustible dust, or volatile materials. These locations require robust and certified equipment that can deliver top-tier performance and an uncompromising level of safety.

The immense capacity of Wi-Fi 6 stands out in busy industrial environments, where machines, sensors, and control systems generate massive amounts of data. This technology leverages Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) to coordinate traffic more effectively. It assigns bandwidth to devices without creating bottlenecks and maintains smooth performance even when dozens—or hundreds—of units operate simultaneously. This high reliability helps maintain continuous production, reduce downtime, and enable real-time analytics.

Energy efficiency also plays a key role in modern industrial settings. Wi-Fi 6 introduces Target Wake Time (TWT), which schedules specific intervals for devices to transmit and receive data. When sensors or other equipment only need occasional connectivity, TWT allows them to enter low-power states between transmissions, significantly reducing energy use. Over time, this reduction in power consumption lowers overall costs, extends battery life for portable devices, and eases maintenance demands.

Safety and security remain paramount in hazardous areas, and Wi-Fi 6 meets those concerns with advanced encryption protocols such as WPA3. These enhancements help shield networks from unauthorized access and preserve data integrity. Industrial plants that run critical systems demand a network infrastructure they can trust, and Wi-Fi 6 delivers that reliability through robust safeguards.

Analynk Wireless of Columbus, OH, recognizes the importance of secure and reliable connectivity in hazardous areas. The company will soon release a specialized line of Wi-Fi 6 antennas explicitly engineered for these high-risk environments in response to growing demand. Analynk has built a reputation for designing products that withstand harsh conditions, and these new antennas continue that tradition. They include rugged enclosures that stand up to chemicals, dust, and extreme temperatures, along with certifications that ensure safe operation in zones prone to explosions or fires. By pairing Wi-Fi 6’s advanced features with a hardware design that meets rigorous safety standards, these antennas offer a cutting-edge solution for critical industrial applications.

With Wi-Fi 6 and its high-capacity, low-latency performance, facilities can connect more devices without experiencing congestion or drops in network speed. They can also support advanced automation, remote monitoring, and predictive maintenance without compromising worker safety or data security. Analynk’s soon-to-be-released Wi-Fi 6 antennas expand those possibilities by giving hazardous-area operators access to state-of-the-art wireless connectivity. As industrial operations embrace digital transformation, Wi-Fi 6 will serve as a crucial backbone that propels efficiency, reduces downtime, and fosters innovation in some of the harshest environments on earth.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Hazardous Area Access Point Enclosure for Meraki CW9163E

The AP446 enclosure assembly is designed to house the Meraki CW9163E access point for use in hazardous areas. The enclosure, along with all hardware and antennas, is rated for Class I, Division 1, Groups C & D hazardous locations. Optionally the enclosure can have a NEMA 4X or ATEX Zone 1, IIB rating. All necessary hardware, including the mounting plate, antennas, and RF cables, are provided to ensure quick and easy installation of the access point. The enclosure includes four of our proprietary explosion-proof 2.4GHz/5GHz CTX series antennas. Contact the factory if Wi-Fi 6E (6GHz) is required. No internal antennas can be used with this enclosure.

Applications:

• Pharmaceuticals
• Oil refineries
• Oil & Gas Platforms
• Chemical Plants

Ordering information:

• AP446 Class I, Div 1, Groups, C & D
• AP446-N4 (NEMA 4 option), Groups C & D
• AP446-ATEX-AS (ATEX option), ATEX Zone 1, IIB

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Essential Protection: Analynk Enclosures for Industrial Hazardous Zones

Industrial facilities with hazardous areas cannot afford to take chances with their wireless networks. Operating wireless equipment in environments filled with flammable gases, vapors, or dust without appropriate safeguards is not just negligent—it's a recipe for disaster. The risk of explosions caused by improper equipment is too great to ignore.

Analynk hazardous area access point enclosures are not optional; they are essential. These enclosures are specifically designed to prevent wireless devices from becoming ignition sources. Certified to meet stringent safety standards like ATEX and IECEx, they are unequivocally suitable for Zone 1 and Zone 2 hazardous areas.

Ignoring the necessity of proper enclosures jeopardizes not only equipment but also the safety of personnel and the continuity of operations. Analynk's enclosures ensure that critical wireless connectivity for monitoring, control, and data acquisition remains uncompromised by hazardous conditions. They protect devices from extreme temperatures, moisture, and corrosive substances, ensuring longevity and reliable performance.

Industrial facilities with hazardous areas need to use Analynk hazardous area access point enclosures. Anything less is unacceptable and exposes your operation to unnecessary risks. These enclosures are imperative for compliance with safety regulations, protection of assets, and the assurance of uninterrupted, safe wireless communication vital for today's industrial demands.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Analynk: Leading the Way in Hazardous Area Enclosures for Top Wireless Brands

In the world of industrial wireless communication, safety and reliability are paramount. Analynk, LLC has emerged as the premier manufacturer of hazardous area enclosures, specifically designed for wireless access points from some of the most renowned brands in the industry, including Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Aruba, Meraki, Aerohive, Fortinet, and Motorola.

A Commitment to Safety and Compatibility

Analynk's expertise lies in creating robust enclosures that ensure the safe operation of wireless access points in environments where standard enclosures are unsuitable. This is particularly crucial in industries with high risk of explosive atmospheres or other hazardous conditions, such as in chemical plants, oil and gas facilities, and other similar settings.

What sets Analynk apart is their meticulous attention to compatibility. Their enclosures house and protect wireless access points from leading brands like Cisco and Hewlett-Packard, ensuring that these devices can operate safely even in the most challenging environments. This focus on compatibility extends to other top brands like Aruba, Meraki, Aerohive, Fortinet, and Motorola, making Analynk a a preferred solution for industrial organizations looking for reliable wireless communication in hazardous areas.

Innovative Design and Quality Assurance

Analynk's enclosures are more than just protective cases; they result from innovative engineering that considers the unique needs of hazardous environments. Each enclosure prevents dust and moisture ingress while maintaining the optimal operating conditions for the wireless access points and includes considerations for temperature control, connectivity, and ease of maintenance.

Quality assurance is another cornerstone of Analynk's approach. Every enclosure undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it meets the highest safety standards for hazardous area equipment. This commitment to quality and safety has earned Analynk a reputation as the trusted manufacturer of choice for industrial organizations worldwide.

A Responsive and Customer-Centric Approach

Understanding that each industrial setup has unique challenges, Analynk offers a customer-centric approach. They work closely with clients to understand their needs and provide customized solutions that fit perfectly within their operational framework. This level of responsiveness and flexibility makes Analynk stand out in the market.

Future-Proofing Industrial Wireless Communication

As wireless technology continues to evolve, Analynk is committed to staying ahead of the curve. Their R&D team continuously works on improving and innovating their product line to accommodate the latest advancements in wireless technology. This forward-thinking approach ensures that clients investing in Analynk's enclosures are future-proofing their industrial wireless communication needs.

In an era where industrial wireless communication is becoming increasingly complex and essential, Analynk, LLC stands out as a beacon of reliability and innovation. Their specialized hazardous area enclosures for top brands like Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Aruba, Meraki, Aerohive, Fortinet, and Motorola are not just products but essential components that ensure safety, reliability, and efficiency in challenging industrial environments. As the premier manufacturer in this niche, Analynk continues to set the standard for quality and innovation in industrial wireless communication.

Access Points in Industrial Settings

An access point (AP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi. It interfaces between wireless clients and the wired LAN (Local Area Network). Access points are essentially the wireless equivalent of an Ethernet hub or switch, granting multiple devices access to the network.

In industry and manufacturing facilities, an access point (AP) provides wireless connectivity to a wired network, enabling seamless communication across large areas. These APs handle a high density of devices, withstand harsh environmental conditions, and offer enhanced security features. They support mobile workers, integrate wireless industrial equipment, facilitate real-time data collection and monitoring, and ensure safety through connected sensors and alarms. The strategic placement of APs provides consistent network coverage, allowing for efficient and uninterrupted operations in the facility.

The rapid evolution of technology in industrial settings has necessitated a corresponding advancement in network infrastructure. Wireless access points are at the heart of this transformation, which have become pivotal in ensuring high-performance connectivity and backward compatibility with legacy systems. Industrial facilities often house diverse equipment, ranging from older machines with limited connectivity options to state-of-the-art devices with advanced wireless capabilities. This mix presents a unique challenge: providing a network that caters to the needs of both old and new devices without compromising on speed, reliability, or security.

Dual-band access points have emerged as the solution to this problem. By operating on both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, they offer the flexibility of supporting older devices that may only recognize the 2.4 GHz band while still providing the faster and less congested 5 GHz band for newer, more capable devices. This dual-band capability ensures that industrial settings don't have to choose between performance and compatibility; they can achieve both. Moreover, with the increasing reliance on real-time data analytics, cloud-based applications, and remote monitoring in modern industry, the role of access points in delivering consistent and high-speed connectivity has never been more crucial. Their ability to bridge the gap between the old and the new ensures that industries can transition into the future without leaving the past behind.

Analynk Wireless specializes in producing enclosures for wireless access points suited for hazardous environments. Their enclosures come with certified components, inclusive of antennas, mountings, entry points, cables, and energy sources. Their diverse product range is compatible with numerous wireless access point brands, such as Aruba/HP, Cisco, Meraki, Meru, Motorola, and Symbol.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091
https://analynk.com

Hazardous Area Antennas

Hazardous area antennas are specialized types of antennas designed for use in environments with a risk of explosion or fire. These environments, known as hazardous areas, are typically found in industrial manufacturing facilities such as oil refineries, chemical plants, and mines.

Hazardous area antennas transmit wireless signals in these environments, allowing for the remote control and monitoring of equipment and machinery. These transmissions are essential for the safe and efficient operation of industrial manufacturing facilities, as it allows for the monitoring of critical systems and the ability to shut down equipment in the event of an emergency.

Several types of hazardous area antennae are available, including omnidirectional, directional, and panel antennas. Omnidirectional antennas emit a signal in all directions, while directional antennas emit a signal in a specific direction. Panel antennas provide long-range communication.

The most common hazardous area antenna used in industrial manufacturing facilities is the explosion-proof antenna. The construction of these antennas includes materials that can withstand the high temperatures and pressures that can occur in an explosion. They also have a flameproof design that prevents fire from spreading in the event of ignition.

Another hazardous area antenna commonly used in industrial manufacturing facilities is the intrinsically safe antenna. These antennas operate at a level that is below the ignition threshold of flammable gases or dust, which eliminates the risk of explosion or fire.

In addition to these types of hazardous area antennae, wireless mesh networks operate in these environments. These networks allow a wireless network that connects multiple devices and systems, providing real-time monitoring and control of equipment and machinery.

Overall, hazardous area antennae are essential for industrial manufacturing facilities' safe and efficient operation. They allow for the remote control and monitoring of equipment and machinery, which is crucial in preventing accidents and ensuring the safe operation of these facilities.

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091

Comprehensive Listing of Hazardous Area Enclosures for Commercially Available Wireless Access Points

Markets such as pharmaceutical, chemical, petrochemical, water treatment, refinery, oil platform, storage depot, and mining applications benefit from wireless network implementation. The robust feature set of commercial access points provides significant benefits but typically lacks the construction and approvals for hazardous environments. Specially designed instrument enclosures accommodate these access points and allow these feature-rich, widely available products in hazardous industrial areas. 

Analynk manufactures hazardous area access point enclosures designed for these access points. The enclosures are rated Class I, Division 1, and 2 locations, Groups A, B, C, & D and ATEX Zone 1 and 2 areas. 

The following is a listing of commonly used wireless access points and matching access point enclosures, with links to the specification sheets.

• AP400 for the Cisco AP1262N & AP3502E
• AP402 for the Hewlett Packard J9621
• AP406 for the Cisco 3602E
• AP407 for the Cisco 2602E
• AP409 for the Cisco 2702E
• AP410 for the Cisco 3702E
• AP411 for the Meraki MR72/MR74
• AP412 for the Cisco 2802E
• AP413 for the Cisco 3802E
• AP415 for the Cisco MR53
• AP417 for the Cisco AIR-AP1562E
• AP419 for the Cisco Meraki MR84
• AP420 for the Cisco Meraki MR42E
• AP422 for the Cisco 1852E
• AP423 for the Meraki MR46E
• AP424 for the Meraki MR86
• AP426 for the Fortinet FAP-223
• AP431 for the Cisco C9115AXE
• AP427 for Ubiquiti UAP-AC-M
• AP600 for the Aruba AP92
• AP603 for the Aruba AP-124
• AP605 for the Aruba AP-104
• AP607 for the Aruba AP-224
• AP608 for the Meru AP-1020e
• AP610 for the Aruba AP-204 and IAP-204
• AP616 for the Aruba AP-228 and AP-318
• AP617 for the Aruba AP-274 and AP-374
• AP619 for the Aruba AP-324
• AP620 for the Motorola/Zebra AP-7532
• AP621 for the Aruba AP-214
• AP622 for the Aruba AP-304
• AP623 for the Aruba AP-314
• AP624 for the Aruba AP-334
• AP626 for Aruba AP-514

Analynk Wireless
(614) 755-5091

Industrial Wireless Networking Considerations

Implementation of complex monitoring and control processes by industrial automation systems in the chemical industries, power plants, oil refineries, and water delivery systems are typical. The industrial networks for process automation at these sites typically encompass broad areas, with highly dense networks with hundreds or thousands of nodes. 

The harsh industrial environment presents several obstacles for wireless communications, the most significant of which are dependability, fault-tolerance, and low latency. Unpredictable changes in temperature, humidity, vibrations, and pressure and the presence of highly reflective (metal) items and electromagnetic noise make industrial surroundings stressful.

In these installations, thousands of devices provide measured values (such as temperature, pressure, flow, and location) to actuators that control processes and servers that coordinate the manufacturing steps. Wiring is often tricky and expensive, particularly in combustible and explosive areas (for example, in the presence of flammable gases in an oil refinery.) Remote or inaccessible places are difficult to reach, and mobile nodes can only be connected intermittently.  Even though the amount of data is relatively low in an industrial application, dependability and latency are crucial, and complete data delivery in real-time is a must. 

Key constraints that hinder the actual deployment of wireless networks in such settings are battery capacity and device power consumption. Communication and power wires, ideally, can be eliminated to provide a completely wireless system. To that end, the devices should be energy efficient and capable of running for years on a single charge from a battery. Furthermore, wireless networks bring logical benefits to maintenance and commissioning, such as "plug-and-play" automation systems to reduce downtime and speed up tests, as well as "hot-swapping" malfunctioning modules.

IIoT Developments and Security Concerns

Upward of 27 billion devices connect as part of the massive confluence of technologies, networks, protocols, standards, and devices known as the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a network of computers and devices that capture and exchange vast volumes of data, which is then sent to a cloud-based service, aggregated with other data, and then exchanged with end-users to provide valuable insights. IoT is growing automation in homes, classrooms, shops, and several other industries and industries. 

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) leverages many of the same technologies like IoT and applies them to the industrial world's diverse needs. IIoT is a category of technologies that capture and distribute data inside historically isolated industrial devices, contained in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and other Industrial Control Systems (ICS). They track and control essential industrial infrastructure, including factories, power plants, water systems, ports, other industrial installations, and some U.S.

Sensitive industrial infrastructure owners and operators are rapidly implementing IIoT technologies to maximize the development and distribution of goods and services, increase performance, improve safety and minimize costs. IIoT sensors and devices provide real-time monitoring and control to operators.  They also collect data on system output, further improving plant performance or production performance. For example, smart tools used on a production line could allow a company to monitor and evaluate its production process. Real-time production data could provide insight into plant conditions, discover additional plant capability, and predictive analytics can help detect corrosion within the refinery pipe.

These threats to modules, firmware and software, wireless networking, and most devices must include mitigation at the computer and system engineering level. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the European Union Agency for Cyber Security (ENISA) seek to guide the government and industry with some of their voluntary attempts to describe IIoT cybersecurity. Industry is collaborating with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and other manufacturers to establish reasonable safety capabilities in IIoT products to avoid burdensome regulations that are likely to quickly get out of date as the IIoT industry is vast and changing much faster compared to government legislation. 

Key Concerns

• Critical infrastructure owners and operators are rapidly adopting the IIoT to boost performance and maximize productivity, but this technology also brings increased cyber and other vulnerabilities. 
• The increased adoption of the IIoT, historically unsafe and isolated legacy systems come with new connected devices against a background of diverse yet growing safety standards for components, creates further possibilities for system access and eventual critical infrastructure access to the computer network by several malicious cyber players. 
• The rise in publicly and commercially accessible cyber resources makes it easier for more players to access vulnerable IIoT components. These devices are contained in critical infrastructure, allowing them to seek a range of effects that may not be detected, and present financial and possibly physical consequences.

Evaluation of the Technologies Potentially Suitable for IWSAN Solutions Covering an Entire Industrial Site With Limited Infrastructure Cost and Trade-Offs

An excellent 2020 publication from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine on industrial wireless technologies:

IIoT and Wireless Connectivity

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to sensors, controllers, actuators, tools, and other devices interconnected with industrial computer applications, including manufacturing and energy management. This connectivity facilitates collecting, distributing, and reviewing data, potentially promoting productivity and quality improvements, and other economic benefits. The IIoT is an evolution of a distributed control system (DCS) that uses cloud computing to refine and optimize process controls, allowing for a greater degree of automation. 

In the manufacturing industries, the term industrial internet of things refers to the IoT industrial subset. Improved efficiency, analytics, and the workplace's transformation are future advantages of the industrial Internet of things. 

While connectivity and data acquisition is essential for IIoT, they are not the ultimate objectives but rather the basis and path to something larger. Predictive maintenance is an "easier" application of all technology related to current asset and management systems. Smart maintenance systems will minimize unnecessary downtime and improve efficiency, estimated to save up to 12 percent over planned repairs, reduce total maintenance costs by up to 30 percent, and eliminate breakdowns by up to 70 percent.

Wireless connections are increasingly used in IIoT deployments to boost industrial data services' operational communication, such as capturing vast process data, interacting with industrial robots, and monitoring machines/parts/products on and beyond the factory floor. 

Industrial users typically play a much more decisive and active role in deciding wireless services in their plants than personal customers in the wireless market. A collaboration between operational technology (OT) engineers, information technology (IT) device architects, and wireless network planners is inherently a wireless system architecture for IIoT applications.  The newly founded 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation (5G-ACIA) has provided some inputs from industrial manufacturers in the form of white papers.  

There are no one-size-fits-all wireless solutions for industrial use cases as the service requirements, and operating environments may differ vastly from one another. Earlier industrial wireless networks provided connectivity in each single vertical manufacturing sector. As a result, the solutions that function well under the specific service requirements and operating conditions may only yield limited value in different use cases. Wireless success in more emerging IIoT applications will require wireless networks to facilitate the broader and deeper digital contact with industrial systems and provide flexible interfaces and quick deployments while keeping data integrity. 

For more information, contact Analynk Wireless.
(614) 755-5091

The Economic Argument of Using Hazardous Area Access Point Enclosures

 

Many chemical, food processing, refining, mining, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical applications need high-performance Wi-Fi access in potentially explosive environments. Whether it's device telemetry, network access, site-to-site networking, or unified communications, these applications demand the highest Wi-Fi performance possible in the harshest environments. 

Some Wi-Fi access points are designed for direct use in explosive conditions without an external protective enclosure. Others are intended for use in non-explosive environments and controlled within a specialized housing specified for that use. The former approach is cost-effective when the underlying technology that drives the equipment is developed, reliable, and unlikely to need an upgrade for years; IoT velocity, positioning, pressure, and temperature sensors fall into that class. 

The latter solution – using an outer enclosure – is the most realistic as the underlying wireless technology is rapidly evolving. That's because an explosion-proof enclosure's purchase and installation costs can reflect 4 to 20 times the access point's price. Swapping the access point out, leaving the protective enclosure intact, is significantly less costly than installing a brand new enclosure for some technology upgrades. 

The Wi-Fi industry has changed from 802.11n to 802.11ac Wave 1 to 802.11ac Wave 2 in under ten years. Just as no consumer will purchase a new truck based on a 10-year-old design, nor will they consider installing technology-based 802.11n access points from 2007. They will at least use 802.11ac Wave 1, particularly in industrial environments, due to the outstanding multipath performance of 802.11ac in metal presence. 

Using standard amortization rates, a consumer wanting to keep up-to-date with the new Wi-Fi technology will upgrade equipment approximately once every four years. If we believe that an access point designed for harsh environments has a list price of $1,500, and with the related Class 1 Division 2 enclosure may list for $3,500. The installation alone (excluding the set-up and commissioning of access points) costs $2,500. In this scenario, buyers can save $4,500 for each access point technology switch when mounting in a hazardous area access point enclosure.

For more information about hazardous area wireless access point enclosures, contact Analynk by calling (614) 755-5091 or visit their website at https://analynk.com.

8 Major Application Considerations for Industrial Wireless Networks

The laws of physics limit wireless networks. These laws set the boundaries of how much information can be transmitted. Presented below are some key challenges of a wireless communication system.

1 - Wireless Range

The constraints on wireless radio wave transmission are the physical distance, obstacles, and fundamental wavelengths. Obstacles such as metal and concrete severely attenuate radio waves. Higher frequency systems generally have better throughput performance but with less range than systems operating in the lower frequency bands.

2 - Wireless Channel Bandwidth

Wireless communications systems transmit information over finite resources within the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. EM spectrum is a limited natural resource divided according to the laws and regulations.

3 - Information Data Rate (Bandwidth)

Bandwidth is defined in terms of bits per second and constrained by the communications channel's physics. Realizable bandwidth rarely meets the advertised data rates as channel conditions introduce error. Competition for the channel by other devices on the wireless network creates a delay in channel access.

4  - Latency

In any communication system, transmitting and receiving data takes time. A software program must provide data for transmission, format, modulate, and share it in a wireless device. The electromagnetic waves then take time to spread through space at the speed of light, ultimately arriving at the receiver. Additional time is then required to detect the signal, reconstruct the signal into valid information, and finally deliver it to the client software application. Latency is defined as the actualized duration of information transmission from one application to another within an industrial control system.

5 - Scalability

A wireless network is designed to support a certain number of devices. Scale is an essential factor of industrial wireless networks as it influences the amount of time expected for devices to utilize the finite resources of the wireless channel. Some wireless systems, such as WirelessHART employ scheduling to assure channel availability.

6 - Wireless Security

Security within any industrial wireless deployment, mainly those considered mission-critical, should always be considered in conjunction with the wireless network design and application goals. Security holistically addresses data confidentiality, integrity, and availability issues. Unlike a traditional office setting, data integrity and availability in industrial networks are more significant concerns. For most modern wireless networks, strong encryption is available and should be used inside the factory. To ensure wireless device authentication, authentication protocols should be used to verify access. Wireless networks are also vulnerable to transmission attacks, such as jamming. In mission-critical systems, wireless network isolation is recommended by frequency and distance.

7 - System Availability

The ability of a wireless network to support its intended operation is referred to as system availability. This is typically defined in terms of a percentage availability, such as 99.99%, for which it will stay operational. Attention should be placed on the robustness of devices within the network.

8 - Harsh Industrial Environments

The physical environment usually impacts wireless communications with the presence of obstructions, reflections, and scattering. Such effects lead to multipath transmissions that may not have a direct line-of-sight (LOS) element at times. Industrial environments are more electrically noisy than office and home environments and present far more wireless transmission obstructions and disturbances. Moveable metal items such as forklifts and cranes, narrow aisles between metal shelves, and liquid tanks that can alternate propagation features are examples of this harsh environment. Moreover, depending on the frequency of the produced noise, electrical noise may affect wireless transmissions. Motors and solenoids provide examples of low-frequency noise sources. Arc-generating equipment can make higher-frequency electrical noise.

For wireless transmitters, repeaters, transmitters, antennas, and hazardous area access point enclosures, contact Analynk Wireless by calling (614) 755-5091 or visiting their website at https://analynk.com.