Glossary of Terms in Wireless Networks in Process Control

Below is a list of terminology, abbreviations, and acronyms used in wireless network technology applied to process control.

• 6LoWPAN
• IPv6 Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks
• ARPA 
• Advanced Research Projects Agency 
• ARUBA
• Refers to Aruba Wireless Networks, now a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company.
• BLIP 
• Berkeley Low-power IP stack
• CAP 
• Contention Access Period
• CFP 
• Contention Free Period
• CISCO
• A company that develops, manufactures and sells networking equipment.
• CSMA-CA 
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
• DAO 
• Destination Advertisement Objects
• DIO 
• DAG Information Object
• DIS 
• DAG Information Solicitation
• DODAG 
• Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph 
• DSN 
• Distributed Sensor Network
• ETX 
• Expected Transmission count
• GTS 
• Guaranteed Time Slot
• HBN 
• Hydrobionet
• ICMP 
• Internet Control Message Protocol
• LLN 
• Low power Lossy Networks
• MAC 
• Media Access Control
• MBR 
• Membrane Bioreactor
• MEM 
• Micro electromechanical
• MERU
• Refers to Meru Networks, a supplier of wireless local area networks (WLANs).
• MOTOROLA
• A company that designed and sold wireless network equipment.
• MRHOF 
• Minimum Rank Objective Function with Hysteresis
• NCS 
• Network Controlled System 
• OF 
• Objective Functions
• OS 
• Operating System
• PID 
• Proportional-integral-derivative controller
• PRR 
• Packet Reception Ratio
• REPEATER
• Device that takes an existing signal from a wireless router or wireless access point for rebroadcasting.
• RPL 
• Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks 
• RSSI 
• Received Signal Strength Indication
• WBN 
• Wireless Biosensor & Actuator Network 
• WIFI
• Technology for radio wireless local area networking of devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.
• WINS 
• Wireless Integrated Network Sensors
• WIRELESS ACCESS POINT
•  A networking device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network to create a second network.
• WSN 
• Wireless Sensor Network
• ZIGBEE 
• Popular, low-cost, low-power wireless mesh networking standard.
• Z-WAVE 
• Tightly controlled mesh network that caters to the smart home and smart building space.

Happy 4th of July from Analynk!

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." 

Thomas Jefferson

Process Control and Wireless Networks

Industrial plants, factories and process automation systems are increasingly deploying information and communications technologies to facilitate data sharing and analysis in integrated control networks. Despite the harsh process control environment, signal propagation loss and radio frequency (RF) interference, wireless connections provide fast and easy access to a variety of field instruments and reduce network installation costs and ongoing maintenance outlays. This serves as an incentive for the adoption of industrial wireless networks based on industry standards such as ISA100.11a, a wireless networking technology standard developed by the ISA (International Society of Automation) and the WirelessHART, a wireless sensor networking technology based on the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol (known as HART). Wide-scale adoption proceeds cautiously though, as industrial environments vary widely and process control systems exhibit a multitude of critical wireless networking requirements, such as:

• Deterministic transmissions in shared wireless bandwidth.
• Low-cost operation.
• Long-term durability.
• High reliability in the harsh radio propagation environment.

Wired connections have proven themselves effective in supporting reliable, point-to-point communications between the controller and the field instruments. A problematic limitation exists with wired connections though - they are unable to accommodate the growing demands and future requirements to support adaptive network topology and rapid reconfiguration encountered in new process control systems.

In lieu of laying down miles of cables to connect hundreds of field instruments, industrial wireless communication networks provide wireless connections with customized network topology, allow for plug-and-play configuration, and offer lower installation and maintenance costs.

Compared with the requirements of standard Internet data services, wireless in the process control environment has stricter quality of service (QoS) requirements. These include more highly reliable transmissions in mobile use cases as well as centralized data analytics, tighter message latency, and lower power consumption.

Hazardous Area Antennas

Gathering information in hazardous areas is critically important for plants to access. Wireless communications is vital for improved efficiencies, real-time monitoring of machinery and equipment, and the safety and well-being of personnel.

Hazardous area antennas from Analynk Wireless are designed and constructed for very rugged industrial applications. Furthermore, all Analynk hazardous area antennas  are UL  listed for Class 1, Groups C & D and have ATEX/IECEx Certification. Finally, a range of frequencies are available from 900MHz, 2.4GHz, Cellular, GPS, Iridium and dual bands.

Adapting Wireless Access Points to Hazardous Areas

Cisco 3602E and Hazardous Enclosure

Wireless technologies are not new in industrial process control, and are increasingly used for real-time control and critical applications. One key piece of hardware is the wireless access point (AP). Wireless access points are networking devices that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network.

In autonomous architectures, standalone wireless access points are used to implement all WLAN (wireless local area network) functions. They  have to be configured and managed individually and are typically used in smaller installations or stand-alone applications.

Aruba-AP70 and Hazardous Enclosure

Unified architecture (UA) is preferred in large-scale, plant-wide wireless deployments because of its ability to handle a variety of clients and applications. Unified architecture offers guest systems, intrusion protection and facilitates plant-wide mobility. Centralized control and easy configuration are delivered through light-weight access points (LWAP) and wireless LAN controllers (WLC).

Well Known Manufacturers of Access Points

Meru AP-1020e and Hazardous Enclosure

Cisco Systems, Inc. develops, manufactures and sells networking hardware, and telecommunications equipment. Cisco specializes into specific tech markets, such as Internet of Things (IoT), domain security and energy management.

Miraki MR72 and Hazardous Enclosure

Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, brings Wi-Fi wireless LAN mobility solutions to enterprise networks. Its core products are wireless Access Points (APs), wired switches, mobility controllers, and network management software.

Meru Networks is a supplier of wireless local area networks (WLANs) to healthcare, enterprise, hospitality, K-12 education, higher education, and other markets.

Zebra-AP7532 and Hazardous Enclosure

Meraki was acquired by Cisco Systems in December 2012 and is an equipment and tech company who's solutions include wireless, switching, security, EMM, communications, and security cameras, all centrally managed from the web.

Zebra Technologies/Motorola manufactures computer systems that include printing, barcode, communication, mobile computing and advanced data capture communications technologies to the manufacturing supply chain, retail, healthcare and government sectors.

Adapting Access Points for Hazardous Area Use

In industrial facilities, hazardous areas are defined as areas where flammable liquids, gases, vapors or combustible dusts exist in sufficient concentration to produce an explosion or fire. In order to locate access points in hazardous areas, specialized access point enclosures fitted with explosion-proof antennae must be used. These enclosures provide UL listed, Class 1, Division 1, Groups C &; D, Zone 1, ATEX Zone 1 antennas (2.4GHz and 5.0GHz), mountings brackets and hardware.

Analynk, a manufacturer of wireless instrumentation in Columbus, OH, offers a wide variety of hazardous area access point enclosures as well as explosion-proof antennas.  Contact them by visiting https://analynk.com or calling 614-755-5091.

SensaLynk™ Single & Multi-point Wireless Transmitters, Receivers, and Repeaters

The SensaLynk™ line of industrial wireless products are designed to meet today's increasing demands for greater efficiency, higher reliability and lower cost of ownership. SensaLynk™ wireless technology supports industry standards and protocols and maximizes the flexibility of your process control system while reducing inventory and installation costs.

https://analynk.com
(614) 755-5091

HazaLynk™ Wireless Products for Hazardous Areas

The HazaLynk™ Series incorporates a wide selection of wireless hazardous area devices to suit a variety of industrial applications. The product line includes wireless instruments for hazardous areas, hazardous area antennas, hazardous area access point enclosures, and hazardous area RF enclosures that simplify the process of installing field instrumentation, while meeting code requirements for hazardous classified and explosive environments.

https://analynk.com
(614) 755-5091